18.5.3.2 Nanocrystals, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanotubes

and Quantum Dots

The nanocrystal approach now-a-days is considered as one of the most feasible

technologies in the arena of nanopharmaceutical(s), as it imparts improved dissolu-

tion rate and oral bioavailability of various drug molecules. Nanocrystals of drug

molecule(s) are usually prepared by milling techniques which comprise CPPs like

time for milling and mill speed and size of beads and CMAs like amounts of

surfactant and co-surfactant. The popular CQAs include particle size, PDI, zeta

potential and release behaviour of drug (Junghanns and Müller 2008; Boles et al.

2016).

Table 18.2 Recent literature reports on the usage of FbD for design and development of various

kinds of polymeric and other kinds of drug nanoconstructs

Carrier

Drug/bioactive

Design

IF

RV

References

Polymeric nanoconstructs

Nanoparticles

Atorvastatin

BBD

3

3

Martins et al. (2020)

Ciprofloxacin

FFD

2

3

Adebileje et al. (2018)

Dapsone

BBD

3

3

Chaves et al. (2017)

Lipid-polymer

hybrids

Gemcitabine HCl

CCD

3

3

Yalcin et al. (2018)

Rutin

FFD

3

3

Ishak et al. (2017)

Nanocapsules

Liraglutide

BBD

3

2

Shamekhi et al. (2018)

Nanocochleates

Curcumin

BBD

3

3

Nadaf and Killedar

(2018)

Nanocomposites

Sildenafil citrate

CCD

4

1

Asfaram et al. (2017)

Nanofibres

Caffeine

TgD

4

2

Dadkhah et al. (2014)

Phenytoin sodium

D-OP

5

1

Zarandi et al. (2015)

Doxorubicin

BBD

4

3

Nadia et al. (2015)

Nanoorganogels

Palm oil

BBD

3

4

Raviadaran et al.

(2018)

Methotrexate

BBD

3

3

Avasatthi et al. (2016)

Novicidin

CCD

3

3

Water et al. (2015)

Dendrimers

Aceclofenac

FFD

2

1

Garala et al. (2009)

Other nanoconstructs

Nanosuspensions

Flurbiprofen

BBD

3

3

Gajera et al. (2018)

Ritonavir

FFD

2

3

Karakucuk et al. (2016)

Metallic

nanoparticles

Dasatinib

BBD

3

3

Adena et al. (2018)

Quantum dots

Thiamine

CCD

3

1

Nemati et al. (2018)

Carbon nanotubes

Berberine

CCD

2

3

Lohan et al. (2017)

Doxorubicin

FFD

4

2

Farahani et al. (2016)

Nanocrystals

Lurasidone

hydrochloride

FFD

2

1

Shah et al. (2016)

IF input factor, RV response variable, FD factorial design, FFD fraction factorial design, BBD

Box-Behnken design, CCD central composite design, TgD Taguchi design, D-OD D-optimal

design

332

B. Singh et al.